Dress for Success Essay Example for Free

Dress for Success Essay Dynamic We’ve all heard the platitude â€Å"Dress for Success,† and I accept this truism holds an entirely significant importance in any calling. The manner in which you dress not just influences your certainty and your confidence, however it likewise throws the early introduction you are providing for your kindred partners and additionally imminent managers. What you wear will depict a visual correspondence of what you bring to the table and what they can anticipate from you in the work field. The essential objective of dressing proficient is to like yourself and to extend a positive picture. Your non-verbal correspondence is similarly as significant as your verbal correspondence in any circumstance. Obviously your aptitudes and information are a significant factor, yet don’t neglect to dress the part and preclude any prospects why individuals will question your capacities to perform. We’d like to imagine that we face a daily reality such that individuals don’t judge us by the garments we wear, however truly appearance does make a difference and the early introductions we depict reflect how we are at first decided by others. . At the point when you dress for progress individuals will pay attention to you more and take what you need to state into thought. Suitable clothing in the working environment gives you regard, and an expert picture that will give your boss, partners, and patients trust and trust in your capacities. There has been a ton of research that has demonstrated that businesses will probably recruit a potential worker who dress and look like it. How you dress conveys numerous signs, one being a powerful pioneer. At the point when you make the additional move to ensure your garments are pressed, and your physical clothing is acceptable, individuals will perceive that and follow your lead. As I would like to think, individuals today belittle the significance of an expert picture. Numerous work environments have a â€Å"casual attire† strategy and individuals would prefer to mix in with the group at that point stick out and establish their very own connection. Searching for work in the clinical field is exceptionally serious, and despite the fact that your resume might be one of the most remarkable and qualified, what you look like will summarize the last judgment. At the point when potential bosses glance through tons and huge amounts of administrative work all day every day, everything begins to appear to be identical, so when you come in for a meeting you should attempt to standâ out and give them that you care about your picture and how they saw you. What you look like will see the resume and assist you with standing apart from different contenders. Since the time we were youthful, we were instructed to never pass judgment superficially, and what truly matte r is what’s within. In spite of the fact that the subject of what you look like and what you wear may sound shallow, you need to take a gander at yourself as a brand. Numerous organizations today burn through a great many dollars attempting to redesign and recharge their visual picture. Ensuring what they look like as an organization and how their image look will pull in the new ages. In this way, it possibly bodes well that if an organization minds such an extensive amount their picture, they will likewise think about how their workers look and convey their name to the outside world. This hypothesis goes connected at the hip, if an organization thinks about how their representatives look, the workers themselves should step up and care about their expert picture. At the point when we buy stuff from the store, what at first draws in is that bundling, under the watchful eye of we judge the item by its presentation. At the point when you look great, you feel better, and at last that is the only thing that is in any way important at long last. At the point when an individual feels certain there isn't preventing them from accomplishing he/she objectives. Meetings are not planned to be a design show or magnificence challenge, however what you look like and how you present yourself will consistently get a positive response from the questioner. By keeping up an expert picture it can assist you with accomplishing the vocation you merit.

Management of medical equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The executives of clinical hardware - Essay Example The analyst dissected all the vital stages associated with the two sub-cycles with the assistance of outlines uncovering the significant stages engaged with the two sub-cycles. The analyst additionally incorporated the manner in which use interface together; hence lessening clinical dangers. The analyst uncovered the essential administration and lawful activities that human services callings should take so as to diminish chances in the clinical setting. Ultimately, the decision gave a short synopsis of the overseeing clinical gear in the emergency clinic. The board of Medical Equipment Introduction The fast innovation headway has added to differed changes in transit human services suppliers convey benefits in the contemporary society. Social insurance suppliers rely upon the innovation in illness alleviation, determination, sickness anticipation, wellbeing advancement and other administration care rehearses. Clinical innovation has driven the heading of medicinal services administrat ions, and one is the essential factor for heightening expenses in the social insurance conveyance framework. Clinical innovation is viewed as a successful instrument for improving life nature of individuals over the globe. Accordingly, chiefs should utilize successful strategies for overseeing clinical advancements productively. ... chnology the executives requires coordination and association of emergency clinic exercises, directors ought to oversee clinical innovation over the existence cycles so as to limit dangers. The executives of Medical Equipment Lifecycle Acquisition Sub-cycle A compelling method of overseeing clinical innovation in emergency clinics is through after a precise methodology in differed stages beginning from securing to removal. This is fundamental since it will help in streamlining innovation evaluation, lessening costs, expanding usage and comprehensibility in the obtaining procedure. It additionally improves the consideration quality through compelling organization of innovation. This is using quality affirmation norms; in this way lessening perils by productively overseeing innovation dangers (Abdel-aleem and Wiley InterScience 2009, p. 112). This procedure happens once in the clinical innovation lifecycle until new clinical innovation is supplanted, when it arrives at the last phase o f its helpful life cycle as demonstrated on figure 1 beneath. Innovation Assessment Acquisition Figure 1: Medical Technology Life cycle Phases of Acquisition Sub-Cycle a) Technology Assessment Technology appraisal is a huge period of securing, and it includes looking at clinical gadgets and the suggestion they have on the arrangement of value benefits in the human services. It includes evaluating the exhibition and security of clinical innovations in the medical clinic. The principle point of innovation appraisal is to educate the approach creators in the clinical arrangement to embrace new advances for better arrangement of human services administrations (World Health Organization 2003, p. 93). Clinical innovation is basic since it offers important data for compelling dynamic repayment and usage of new clinical gadget. a) Technology Planning

The Best Parts of Being a Bookish Kid in the 90s

The Best Parts of Being a Bookish Kid in the 90s Saying I was bookish in the 90s is kind books were what I did in elementary and early middle school. I was the kid carting two paperbacks to lunch in case I finished one because honestly, what was I going to do on the damn playground with no reading material? When I was young, my love of books didnt feel special or personally defining, like it does now, so I never really got to celebrate the cool little quirks of the reading culture in the 90s. MY DAY HAS COME! Time to rewind and relive the best bookish things from the decade I came up inremember this stuff?! Book It Hands down the raddest reading incentive program ever. You can talk until youre blue in the face about the drawbacks of rewarding reading, but 10 year old me would do most anything for a personal pan pizza I did not have to share with one of my three sisters.  Yes, I read for my own gratification as an adult, but I can also buy my own cheese-stuffed crust at this point. I can still feel the raised plastic stickers that would fill in the spots on the giant pin. I didnt always have the best school experiences but Book It made fifth grade bearable. Great Illustrated Classics These adaptations are probably the only reason I can hold my own in a conversation about Literature. I know its why I got a 98% on my tenth grade English Honors essay about the meaning of love in Great Expectations. While never successful with what is considered required reading, I loved these simplified versions of some of the greater works of our time. I had Heidi, Oliver Twist, Little Women, Great Expectations, and Journey to the Center of the Earth, to name a few. When I recently found a bunch in my librarys book sale, I scooped them up without a second thought. Come back to me, Great Illustrated Classics, and be my Cliffs Notes once again. Wishbone I sincerely hope you  are mind-shouting WHATS THE STORY, WISHBONE? at your computer screens right now. Wishbone is a dog (played by a talented terrier named SOCCER) who gets the starring role in adaptations of classic novels with plots that mirror the struggles his boy owner, Joe, is living out in real life. I have found, in rewatches, that it  doesnt quite hold up the way Id like it to, but you could always just blare the theme song, or check out scenes from this round up of favorite episodes. The Series I know book series for kids started well before the 90s (Nancy Drew and Hardy Boys will not be ignored), but I really feel that the super prolific and episodic series with familiar settings and characters defined the way I read in the 90s. Im thinking The Babysitters Club, Sweet Valley High, The Boxcar Children, Goosebumps even Nancy Drew got a peppy update with The  Nancy Drew Files. As an avid rereader and slightly anxious person, I always loved the comfort of knowing all the background before I dug into the latest adventure. And you cannot beat the 90s-tastic covers. Did I capture all your 90s memories? Let me know. Ill be at Pizza Hut. Image credits: Book It, Great Illustrated Classics, Wishbone, Sweet Valley Twins

Essay on This Boys Life - 676 Words

Getting our future back on the rails – slowly. How does the writer use written and visual language to attempt to persuade readers to share his point of view? The use of inclusive language and personal appeals positions the reader to share the writers viewpoint that a communal garden would be beneficial in not only the sense of convenience but also health, wealth and social. Throughout the article the writer attempts to make the reader believe that a community garden would be a far more productive use of land instead of a skate park and he/she does this with an logical and passionate tone and throughout the article it evolves into a feeling of determination and importance, and this is achieved by the use of imagery and statistics which†¦show more content†¦In this argument the use of the graph and the proper accreditation to the ‘NSW Environment Protection Authority’ shows the reader that the writer is trustworthy and the information that he/she is relaying is accurate. By addressing the readers informally as a community, the writer establishes a sense of intimacy not only with him/herself but almost as if with the entire audience that the article was addressed to. Inclusive language is language that does not belittle, exclude or stereotype people, instead it aims on bringing everyone together. Inclusive language includes the reader by assuming that they all agree or disagree, it engages the reader and may gain sympathy or persuade the reader to either accept or reject the idea or topic of the article. Some examples of the inclusive language that was used in this article include the words community, our own, ourselves, ‘to you, the community’ and neighbours, these words are all synonyms of the word group. In conclusion the writers main contention was to persuade all of the readers of this article to agree to the construction of a communal garden and he/she did this by using some powerful techniques the correct way in their article, these include but are not limited to inclusive language, repetition, statistics and imagery. The mainShow MoreRelatedThis Boy s Life By Tobias Wolff1671 Words   |  7 PagesThis Boy s Life, by Tobias Wolff (Wolff, 1993), is a 1950’s memoir describing the intimate emotional events during Tobias Wolff’s dysfunctional and difficult adolescent years. I believe the purpose of this memoir was not only to document this specific time in Tobias’ life, but this film was a way to raise awareness toward domestic violence. Wolff really did a good job at captivating his audience. Using a variety of family violence topics this resource includes: Abandonment when Tobias’s fatherRead MoreThis Boy S Life Practice Essay1261 Words   |  6 Page sï » ¿6. It is Jack’s lack of a stable, male role model that is to blame for his actions. To what extent do you agree? Tobias Wolff’s memoir, â€Å"This Boy’s Life†, explores the idea that an individual’s actions can be altered due to the people they are exposed to. The protagonist Jack Wolff lives an impressionable life where he undergoes somewhat of a dilemma in relations to his actions, being incapable of changing for the greater good of himself. The absence of a proper male role model plays a large roleRead MoreAnalysis Of Tobias Wolff s This Boy s Life 1863 Words   |  8 PagesTobias Wolff’s memoir, This Boy’s Life, concentrates on the intense physical and emotional abuse Toby endured throughout his adolescence. Toby spent the majority of his juvenile years wandering around the United States as his divorced mother struggled to find employment and deprived her son of any affection. Eventually, Toby’s mother Rosemary met a man named Dwight who promised her and her son a better life. Rosemary makes the decision to move Toby to Chinook, Washington with Dwight in an attemptRead MoreAnalysis Of Tobias Wolff s This Boy s Life 1046 Words   |  5 PagesTobias Wolff’s prepositional memoir, This Boy’s Life, positions the audience to question the role that luck plays in the lives of the characters, particularly Toby and his mother. This account of growing up in post-war America on his life from 1955 to 1965 allows Wolff to reflect on the restrictions imposed on the disenfranchised family by societal norms that prevent them from achieving their dreams of progression through the social hierarchy. Luck plays a very minimal role in the memoir as the characters’Read MoreParental Influence on Shaping a Child Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMothers and fathers have the potential to provide their offspring with powerful, enduring models of behavior, and exert a continuing influence on the reactions and decisions which will shape their children’s’ lives. It is evident that this can be the case even in the absence of the parent. The mother or father who has died or moved away from the family home does not thereby become absent from the child’s memory, and does not thereby cease to guide the child’s behavior. These truths are illustratedRead MoreTobys Struggles in This Boy’s Life1051 Words   |  4 PagesThis Boy’s Life is a 1993 film adapted from the memoir by Tobias Wolff, a popular contemporary writer, which was first published in 1989. The film is directed by Michael Caton-Jones and stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Tobias Wolff, Robert De Niro as his stepfather Dwight Hansen, and Ellen Barkin as Toby’s mother Caroline. The film starts with Caroline and Toby driving away from their past to Utah, where they plan to find uranium and hope to begin a new life. Their family broke 5 years ago, when Toby’sRead More This Boy’s Life Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesThis Boy’s Life In both the film and the book This Boy’s Life Tobias Wolff is surrounded by bad role models and terrible father figures. Wolff and his mother are constantly looking for the complete family life and find themselves in a series of bad situations on their quest. In the book Toby’s relationship with his mother Rosemary is illustrated in a clear and deeper manner but the movie just didn’t seem to focus on it enough. This paper will evaluate the portrayal of Toby’s relationshipRead MoreIt is difficult for the reader to feel much affection for the protagonist in Wolff’s memoir. Do you agree?1600 Words   |  7 Pagesaffection for the protagonist in Wolff’s memoir. Do you agree? This Boys Life, set in America in the 1950’s, is a compelling memoir by Tobias Wolff, whom recreates the frustrations and cruelties faced throughout his adolescence, as he fights for identity and self-respect. During this period of time, America underwent major changes in the political and economic spheres, which in turn were responsible for its social makeover. Society in this time was geared toward family; marriage and children being partRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis of This Boys Life by Tobias Wolff 1929 Words   |  8 Pages This Boys Life is the autobiographical account of teenager. Toby and his mothers search for financial stability and a peaceful life. Toby’s family was split down the middle as a child, leaving his father and older brother on the East Coast and, for the most part, uninvolved in Toby’s life. The story begins when Toby and his mother, Rosemary, leave her abusive boyfriend in Florida to take theirRead MoreThis Boys Life Critical Analysis Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis- A Struggle with Identity This Boys Life is the autobiographical account of teenager. Toby and his mothers search for financial stability and a peaceful life. Toby’s family was split down the middle as a child, leaving his father and older brother on the East Coast and, for the most part, uninvolved in Toby’s life. The story begins when Toby and his mother, Rosemary, leave her abusive boyfriend in Florida to take their chances at becoming rich on uranium mines in Utah. They are

Philosophy Of Equitable Literacy And Language Education Essay

Philosophy of Equitable Literacy and Language Education The purpose of education is to provide children with a further understanding of subjects and the world around them. Education gives children a chance to mature and develop socially and intellectually. Each and every child is unique and needs special individualized attention in the classroom in order to learn and grow. As an educator it is my ambition and main goal to help students reach their fullest potential by providing authentic experiences in the classroom. Bill Beattie said, â€Å"The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think — rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with thoughts of other men.† Authentic Talk A student centered classroom is driven by children talking and being engaged with each other authentically. At a young age, children are praised for talk as they attempt to begin communicating. As they get older however, children are asked to stay quiet and are seen as a distraction to learning when they are in constant communication with their peers. Children learn through talk and sharing. Students may not always get something out of instruction led solely by the teacher. When talk is encouraged in the classroom, students have the opportunity to learn from their peers. When students are able to share their experiences, stories, and learning payoffs with their peers, an opportunity for further acquisition ofShow MoreRelatedThe Teaching Concept Of Banking Education1098 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Statement Essay Introduction Effective teachers are able to meet the student’s individual needs by modifying the curriculum, being involved in the community and involving the parents in the student s education. I teach in San Luis, AZ, a community composed mainly of Hispanic families and Spanish is the primary language. In order to build a positive relationship with the community and parents, it is important to understand and implement the culture in the curriculum. Setting an open doorRead MoreChallenging Inequity: . I Saw A Great Establishment Of1707 Words   |  7 Pagesbe evidential in group discussions, writing and responses. The Ministry of Education (2007) suggests â€Å"effective teachers foster positive relationships within environments that are caring, inclusive, nondiscriminatory, and cohesive† (p. 34). Likewise, I encountered classroom equity and culture which was emphasised in the care and ethic that each student exhibited towards one another. Teachers can also elicit these equitable behaviours exhibited by students, and implicate it into teaching moments. InRead MoreDiversity And Social Justice By Paulo Freire2078 Words   |  9 Pages Diversity and Social Justice â€Å"Education is that terrain where power and politics are given fundamental expression, since it is where meaning, desire, language. and values engage and respond to the deeper beliefs about every nature of what it means to be human, to dream, and to name and struggle for a particular future and way of life† (Freire, 1985). Education gives people the opportunity to take part in a reflective process and find solutions to existing societal problems. Over the course programRead MoreCase Study : Community Engagement Manager1612 Words   |  7 Pages The Community Engagement manager is responsible for the management, development, implementation and coordination of internal and external engagement/education efforts towards families, groups and individuals eligible for or seeking information about services at Charles Drew Health Center, Inc. The CE Manager will proactively provide education and assistance opportunities for the under-served and/or organizations serving the unde rserved segments of the Omaha community. The manager will also aggressivelyRead MoreIdentification and Description of the Influences and Discourses Surrounding the Development of Different Educational Curricula1361 Words   |  6 Pagespleasing language and presentation seemingly promised a more personalised and ‘humanistic’ approach for the contemporary educational climate. Given Australia’s Labour government at this time, the declaration’s politically-motivated language and emphasis for social equity and social justice further enforced, then prime Minister, Kevin Rudd’s proposed ‘education revolution’, which aimed to embrace the ‘Australian’ ‘fair go for all’ mentality and provide a meaningful, enriching education to all (MCEETYARead MoreDual Language4991 Words   |  20 PagesDual Language Guadalupe Silva Lakeland College Table of Contents Abstract 2 Features of Dual Language Education Programs 4 Assessment and Accountability 6 Curriculum 6 Instruction 7 Staff Quality 10 Professional Development 12 Program Structure 14 Family and Community 16 Support and Resources 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Abstract What is Dual language? Dual language is a form of bilingualRead MoreReforming, Transforming and Conforming Essay3445 Words   |  14 Pagestogether within the learning pedagogy. My discussion will be of a reflective nature and include how I have understood these three models in relation to the early childhood learning environment and how I may relate them to my own developing education philosophy. Each theory will be discussed with a focus on one or two particular theorist. For Conforming I will look at theorists from both the nature and nurture perspective, Gesell and Skinner. The Reforming component of the paper will reflect on constructivistRead MoreDESCRIBE THE PHILOSOPHY OF INCLUSION ‘The act of embracing as a member of a whole.’ (Oxford2100 Words   |  9 PagesDESCRIBE THE PHILOSOPHY OF INCLUSION ‘The act of embracing as a member of a whole.’ (Oxford English Dictionary)(RoutledgeFalmer, 2005) Inclusion is not a new idea. Concerns about inclusion can be dated back to the civil rights movements of the 1960s through to the 1980s. The ideals behind inclusive education have their roots in the development of liberal and progressive thought, where equality of opportunities is stressed. Elizabeth Burgwin, a child welfare pioneer saw no purpose or virtue in segregationRead MorePortfolio Assessment Essay2603 Words   |  11 Pagesprovide information on student achievement and progress and set the direction for ongoing teaching and learning† (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2007, p.1). I believe an assessment strategy which best encapsulates this understanding of assessment is the portfolio. Specifically, a process portfolio provides a wealth of information about a student’s progress in literacy and not only allows a teacher to assess the learning that has taken place but also helps them to identify the areas in need ofRead MoreWhat Is Neo Liberalism? Essay22 84 Words   |  10 Pagespeople’s lives and Australian public education system is one example of how business interest has penetrated in the public systems. Neo-liberalism and Education Over the years in Australia, there have become many stakeholders in establishing an education policy in the country. The society, economics, politics and businesses play an integral role in establishing and restructuring the education policies. Neo-Liberal approach to education believes that the value of education lies in how well it enables the

Discrimination in the Emergency Department Free Essays

There is discrimination in the emergency department because of the need for health care workers to implement standards in determining the extent of condition of patients brought to the emergency department for treatment for purposes of prioritization. It is in the process of screening the emergency of patients brought or seeking treatment in the department that discrimination occurs, through the ineffective or limited application of objectives and professional standards during the screening, flawed or baseless screening results, and weak prioritization decisions. Discrimination in the emergency department could occur on the part of individual health care workers or due to the policies implemented by the emergency department. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination in the Emergency Department or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, the solution could require institution-wide effort in ensuring the implementation of sound policies for the emergency department together with an anti-discrimination culture encompassing the professional practice and actions of individual emergency health care workers. An emergency pertains to the any critical situation or life-threatening condition. Since the definition is broad, it allows health care workers in the emergency department room to exercise judgment in deciding what scenarios comprise an emergency. Common criteria applied in determining an emergency include unconscious patients rushed to the hospital, potential stroke victims, patients identified to have suffered serious blood loss, or patients with broken bones especially if this involves the spinal column. (National Health Service, 2007) When the emergency department faces one or more of these criteria, together with other similar intervening factors, especially when many cases are received, the people in charge of the emergency department have to make decisions on a number of issues. The wide-range of allowance for personal judgment of health care professionals in the emergency department (Aberegg, Arkes Terry, 2006) together with the need to make decisions with limited time requiring screening skills and experience as well as the implementation of objective professional standards (Gulland, 2003) opens room for biases and subjectivity. First decision is on whether the cases taken singly comprise an emergency (Aberegg, Arkes Terry, 2006). If so, then the case is considered for emergency action. If not, then the case is referred to the appropriate department. However, the determination of whether the cases constitutes an emergency should be made using professional standards to prevent the intervention of discriminatory practices such as considering a case as an emergency not because it constitutes a life threatening situations but because of biases against one case relative to the other cases (Gulland, 2003). Second decision is the prioritization of all the cases determined as emergencies, brought to the emergency department at one time or in a given period (Aberegg, Arkes Terry, 2006). The emergency department operates 24/7 so that personnel work on a shift basis resulting to a minimum number of personnel on standby at one time. The number of personnel on standby depends on the trends in emergency cases based on the experience of the hospital and expected periods of the occurrence of emergencies such as forest fires and heat waves during the summer. With limited personnel, mounting cases can make prioritization difficult especially when cases are comparable in terms of the extent of seriousness of the health care need (Gulland, 2003). In these situations, prioritization is a necessity but decisions have requires justification. During decision-making, discrimination could occur such as when white patients are prioritized over a black patient regardless of the extent of the life-threatening condition or younger patients are prioritized over geriatric patients even if the older patients require more immediate treatment and the availability of health care professionals in the emergency department allows the prioritization of the geriatric patient. Third related decision is the action to be taken on the case, such as immediate treatment of the patient, referral of the patient to the health care personnel suited in handling the particular case, denial of treatment for certain reasons, referral of the patient for transfer to another health care facility, and other case-based actions (Aberegg, Arkes Terry, 2006). Even if prioritization decisions are justifiable, action or implementation relating to the decision could involve discrimination such as when better service is extended to specific patients relative to other patients involved in comparable emergencies. Overall, discrimination in the emergency department could include biases based on race or ethnicity, gender, age, economic status, or other views expressed in the three areas of decision-making previously discussed. This means that discrimination in the emergency department is multi-faceted. In addition, the degree of intervention of discrimination varies. The intervention of discrimination in the emergency department, from the perspective of emergency health care workers, could include either or both personal and professional bias. Personal bias refers to subjective opinion of a person as against the patient or the circumstances of the case that could affect screening and intervention judgments. Professional bias pertains to the views of the health care workers regarding the condition of the patient, the emergencies, the intervention, and the role they play in this specific situation based on the knowledge and experience of the professional. Both could overlap and operate in creating discrimination in the emergency department. (Gulland, 2003; Aberegg, Arkes Terry, 2006) Based on the manifestations and causes of discrimination in the emergency department, a number of solutions become apparent. One is the efficient organization of the emergency department in anticipation of life threatening cases at any time. (Gulland, 2003) Since the number of available staff and the level of preparedness of the emergency department determines the creation of opportunities for discrimination since only a small number of emergency cases brought to the emergency department can be addressed. Another solution is the development and continuous enhancement of the operational infrastructures of the emergency department including policies and guidelines in compliance with legal and professional standards, flexible budget and personnel allocation to the department, sound human resource management strategies, organizational culture grounded on objectivity, and other necessities in supporting the high level of preparedness and efficiency of the emergency department (â€Å"Interpretive Guidelines,† 2005). This solution also works in limiting the opportunities for discriminatory action in the emergency department. Still another solution is the application of training and development programs in compliance with the principle of continuous learning. This means that health care workers assigned to the emergency department undergo continuous learning programs to update their knowledge and skills to be able to accommodate developments in professional practice as well as emerging issues arising in professional practice in the emergency department.(Gulland, 2003) When this happens, the likelihood of discrimination lessens because updated information supports the achievement of more objective professional judgments or decisions on issues and challenges faced by the emergency department. Although the emergency department involves a wide-room for judgment and decision-making on the part of health care workers in the emergency department as well as poor support infrastructural support and organizing inefficiencies, which create situations that give rise to discrimination, the causes of discrimination in the emergency department are preventable by addressing these causes. How to cite Discrimination in the Emergency Department, Papers

Why Listening Doesnt Always Work Essays - Carbon Dioxide

Why Listening Doesn't Always Work The Night I Became a Convict (Well it sure seemed like it) Introduction: Police Sirens glaring ? lights flashing ? nervous and full of fright Thesis Statement: If all seems almost perfect and going so well, that is when carefulness and planning becomes most critical and imperative (Transition: It happened one night around two years ago.) I. Senior, high school doing excellent ? student body president and numerous awards- flying high in a small community A. Playing cards at friend's Mark house- got bored- suggested dry ice bombs B. Went get dry ice- made bombs in yard ? got on to bigger pranks C. Rode around- put into mailbox (exploded) ? then into other one (Transition: Little did we know.) II. Police pulled us over into driveway, Summoned us, people turned up in droves A. Parents' reaction, community's reaction B. Community service, apology to victims C. Rebuilding of mailboxes (Transition: Since then, everyone jokes and pokes fun at us) III. The regaining of our reputation, relief, humility A. Great humbling experience B. Taught us to think things over C. Not to be overcome with irrational thinking D. Hindsight is 20/20 Summary: Be thankful on your way to the top and don't forget the little things that got you there because one little mischievous action could ruin it. Your reputation is very fragile. Years to build-one action to tear it all down. Conclusion: And it was so that this event which now I can tell with a smile and in light-heartedness that had a very dramatic effect on my life and shaped it into what it is now. I now approach options with extreme caution and look at the possible consequences. Speech and Communcations

study on judges essays

study on judges essays 1. What are the major findings with regards to the impact of race in each area of study? Finding on this studies have been a major impact on Judges due to minority judges have been well looked at through the eyes of the world. Progress has been made in appointing minorities to the federal bench and nearly three out of four minorities are confirmed. 2. How has the policy of affirmative action helped in accomplishing the application of the goals of Justice and equality? Despite the progress that has been made in recent decades particularly with civil right laws and court decisions, most of the problems still persist. Supporters of initiative action who were opposed to an affirmative action wanted similar words to be used in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Words to be included were discrimination, and preferential treatment. In the affirmative action there is a need of overt racism. Such remedies are still required to provide equal access for all. 3. What are the recommendations given by the ABA study group? To understand one another is required that we go through a generation of education. Even though we have overcome some of the shortfalls of the past dealing with racial justice we need to work ourselves to insure mutual respect be carried out among all citizens. 4. What are the conclusions drawn from this study? Today we can bring all our thoughts together in order to unite and to promote righteous Judgment, equal justice, and fairness. Most of our associations represent a powerful force to transform injustice into justice for all. ...

Every IB Geography Past Paper Available Free and Official

Every IB Geography Past Paper Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you are preparing for your IB Geography SL/HL papers, studying your notes is likely not enough to get a 7. Taking practice tests using IB Geography SL/HL past papers is the only way to ensure you know what to expect the day of your exam. You'll be better prepared because you'll know the test length and format...and you'll be more confident because you're more familiar with the question formats! In this article, I'll let you know where to find IB Geography SL/HL past papers- both free and paid- to help you excel on your own IB Geography exam. Where to Find Free IB Geography Past Papers IBO has been getting stricter about allowing unauthorized official past papers to roam free online in the past few years, so many of the previous sources for free past papers are unavailable. Frustratingly, IBO has not moved to fill the void with any free official sample papers for Geography, as they have for other subjects. As soon as free official IB Geography papers are released, we'll be sure to update this article. In the meantime, while it's still possible to search for free IB Geography papers online, we don't recommend it because there's no guarantee that those papers are necessarily real past IB papers. I haven't found any unofficial IB Geography past papers that explicitly state they were created by people other than the IBO, but if you find one, I DO NOT recommend using it, as it most likely will be very different from the actual IB Geography test. Where to Find Paid IB Geography Past Papers To get secure IB Geography past papers, buy them from the IBO. Their store has six full IB Geography SL and IB Geography HL past papers and markschemes from 2015 to 2018 available for purchase. Unfortunately, since papers and markschemes are sold separately and individually, buying all the papers and markschemes for a single test will run you around $18 for HL and $12 for SL. Buying all six available exams is pretty pricey, so we advise sticking to the two most recent tests in the store- November 2017 and May 2018- because these papers will be most similar to the test you take. Two exams should provide plenty of practice for most students. (Currently, only SL/HL paper 1 and HL paper 3 are available for November 2018, so if you want extra paper 3 practice for HL or paper 1 practice for both SL and HL, you might also consider getting those.) How to Use These Past Papers A full practice IB Geography test will take you 2 hours and 45 minutes for SL or 4 hours and 30 minutes for HL. If you are going to spend that much time, you need to be getting realistic practice and learning from these tests. To ensure you do, follow these guidelines. #1: Take the Test Over 2 Days The actual IB exam schedule splits Paper 1 and Papers 2 and 3 over two days. SL and HL students take Paper 1 the first day. Both take Paper 2 the second day, and HL students also take Paper 3 the second day. You should mimic this schedule so that you have realistic practice. #2: Use Accurate Test Timing You need to get used to the pacing of the test. The time allowed per paper is: Geography SL Paper 1- 1 hour 30 minutes Paper 2- 1 hour 15 minutes Geography HL Paper 1- 2 hours 15 minutes Paper 2- 1 hour 15 minutes Paper 3- 1 hour Stick to this timing exactly. Don’t give yourself even an extra second. Otherwise, you won’t be prepared for the pacing of the real exam. Also, you will likely get an unrealistic, inflated practice test score if you give yourself extra time. Stick to the real timing, so you get a realistic practice test score. #3: Check Your Answers Once you finish your exam, review your mistakes. You need to review so that you figure out what you are doing wrong before you take the real IB Geography exam. If you do not review, you will not know what mistakes you are making and will make the same ones on the actual IB Geography exam. Take a bit of time (at minimum an hour) to review. You should be emphasizing the quality of your practice and not the quantity of practice. It is far better to take two practice tests with in-depth review than eight tests with no review. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Geography: IB Geography Study Guide Check out where to find past papers for your other classes: Every IB Biology Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Business and Management Past Paper Available: FREE and Official Where to Find IB Chemistry Past Papers - Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB History Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Math Past Paper Available: Free and Official Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Physical science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical science - Essay Example Thirdly, fission and fusion reactions possess the capacity turn the energy associated with ordering of subatomic particles into nuclear energy (How is Energy Converted). Fossil fuels pertain to fuels formed out of the organic remains of prehistoric plants and animals that undergo natural process of anaerobic decomposition and these fuels are chiefly comprised in coal, gas, and oil. It normally takes nearly 700 million years for decaying plant and animal matters to be fossilized upon exposure to extreme levels of heat and pressure into usable fossil fuels which are mostly rich in carbon with coal, natural gas, and petroleum by composition. Being a non-renewable source of energy, fossil fuels may be volatile or non-volatile as materials ranging from those of minimal C to H ratios as methane gas and liquid petroleum to materials with heavier carbon content than hydrogen as in the case of anthracite coal. In modern times, fossil fuels are confronted with the perils of continuous depletio n at a rate that alarmingly exceeds that of their production which implies that renewable substitutes with equivalent advantages ought to be discovered and settled at for corrective resolution (Lecture 10: Fossil Fuels as Energy Sources). Aside from being a flexible non-renewable energy source, according to their structure, depositional environment, and thermal reactions, fossil fuels draw a potential attraction due to the fact that most of world’s reserves of oil and natural gas come from deformed rocks whereas a great quantity of coal may be derived from sedimentary rock layers that do not undergo deformation. Sediments are readily found everywhere on which are comprised marine organic matter filled with oil and gas in high proportions to make opulent fossil fuel amounts. Because of low oxygen concentration on environments in which massive deposits are preserved and coal forms that gather toward bogs and swamps, fossil fuels can be acquired with much convenience. Under natu ral circumstances, fossil fuels are made beyond human intervention since thermal processes may occur spontaneously after decomposing organics goes through preservation to become fossil fuels at a later time. Aside from fossil fuels, renewable alternatives could be wind energy and geothermal energy or heat derived from the earth by means of a natural geologic process. As a form of solar energy, the energy of the wind is found to comprise turbulent masses of air rushing to even out the differences in atmospheric pressure formed when the sun heats the air more in one place than in another. For centuries, wind power has been utilized extensively in pumping water, grinding grain, and producing electricity of the modern age. Wind turbines as major replacements to windmills perform the course of wind power upon conversion of the wind’s kinetic energy to mechanical energy which sustains small to large farms and villages with clean and renewable loads of electricity (Freris, 1990). Mo dern technological advancements in the fields of engineering and science have revolutionized the old design in windmills with a flexible range of

Clinical Epidemiology and Decision Making Case Study Essay

Clinical Epidemiology and Decision Making Case Study - Essay Example These spores thus need water or moisture to germinate and flood provides them the ideal environment to grow. Molds if inhaled can cause allergic reactions that affect the respiratory tract. Other illnesses include sinus congestion, sore throat and breathing problems. The health risks can be more for children and elderly people as well as people with low immune systems. Mold can also have severe implications on structural strength of buildings as well which may compound the problem in flood stricken areas. The field of clinical epidemiology suggests that general practitioners must consider facts based on population based studies of diseases and base their treatment and design preventive measures on these measures. Clinicians may use these statistics towards better patient care. In this paper we attempt to explore how clinical epidemiology may be beneficial to guide and deal with detection, prevention and treatment of mold in flood hit areas. It is pertinent to note that mold may appea r soon after the flood and may carry on until there is moisture. For this reason it is important that the rehabilitation process may not be started unless all moisture dries out. For the purpose, the health practitioners treating the disease need to be advised before and immediately after the floods about the types of molds in the area as well as the extent of illness in the area. Also, the health practitioners need to know about the medical facilities that they would have as well as chalk out a method to deal in case that it takes the form of an epidemic. These practitioners need to be told that they must not look to test every individual due to resources constraints and would be better served to look for symptoms. 2. Types of Molds Evidence from clinical epidemiology suggests that there are three types of molds that can affect people in the aftermath of a flood. These are mentioned below: i. Allergenic These types of molds are the least damaging as they affect only those individua ls that are already weakened by illness or disease and a have a weakened immune system. Although these molds are present all year, they thrive in areas where the moisture content is significantly high. This essentially means that these types of molds can exist in the aftermath of a flood. These molds result in sneezing and cause allergic reactions. Thus they do not have life threatening affects unlike other types of molds that might result in severe respiratory problems including congestion of the windpipe and choking. Mold spores are examples of allergenic molds. ii. Pathogenic This type of mold may cause respiratory tract infections. For persons with a weakened immune system, this may result in severe illness and may be possibly life threatening. However, healthy individuals may develop hypersensitivity but do not incur infection. This is why it is imperative that children and elders are guarded against this type of a mold infection. The bipolaris mold is one example of a pathogen ic mold. The mold may manifest itself as mycotic keratitis and sinusitis etc. This type of a mold can affect both immune-competent as well as immune-compromised individuals with different repercussions. iii. Toxigenic The most devastating strain of mold produces myotoxin which can cause some seriously undesirable health problems. This is an extremely toxic strain of mold which may not only

Statistical techniques for cryptanalysis

Statistical techniques for cryptanalysis Introduction: Cryptography is the art of writing messages in code or cipher, to disguise, and thereby secure the content of a particular stream of text. When encrypted, a plain text message can be revealed only through the use of the key used to encode the cipher. Cryptography does not mask the existence of the message, but does disguise its content [1]. In contrary, cryptanalysis is the art of recovering the plaintext of a message without access to the key. Successful cryptanalysis may recover the plaintext or the key for a specific ciphertext [2]. There are five general types of cryptanalytic attacks:- 1. Ciphertext-only attack: In this type of attack, the cryptanalyst has a series of cipher texts encrypted using the same encryption algorithm. Then, the cryptanalyst deduces the plain text of each of the cipher texts or identifies the key used to encrypt the cipher text 2. Known-plaintext attack: In this type of attack, the cryptanalyst has a series of ciphertext and their corresponding plaintext values encrypted using a specific key. The cryptanalyst then tries to deduce the key by forming a relationship between the ciphertext and plaintext entries. 3. Chosen-plaintext attack: In this type of attack, the cryptanalyst not only has access to the ciphertext and associated plaintext for several messages, but he also chooses the plaintext that gets encrypted. His job is to deduce the key used to encrypt the messages or an algorithm to decrypt any new messages encrypted with the same key. 4. Frequency analysis: It is the study of thefrequency of lettersor groups of letters in aciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breakingclassical ciphers. Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in any given stretch of written language, certain letters and combinations of letters occur with varying frequencies. 5. Rubber-hose cryptanalysis: The cryptanalyst threatens, tortures or blackmails the person who has the key until they give it up. Among the many cryptanalytic techniques, frequency analysis or frequency counting is the most basic technique applied to break substitution cipher based algorithms, among the varied list of attack techniques. The basic use of frequency analysis is to first count the frequency of ciphertext letters and then associate guessed plaintext letters with them. More complex use of statistics can be conceived, such as considering counts of pairs of letters digrams, trigrams, and so on. This is done to provide more information to the cryptanalyst. It exploits the weakness in the substitution cipher algorithm to encrypt similar plaintext letters to similar ciphertext letters. Frequency analysis based cryptanalysis techniques were used to break ciphers based on the traditional cryptographic algorithms, but they do not work well with the modern block cipher based cryptographic algorithms. Statistical properties of English: Frequency analysis based cryptanalysis uses the fact that natural language is not random in nature and single alphabetic based substitution does not hide the statistical properties of the natural language. In the case of encryption using monoalphabetic substitution, to start deciphering the encryption it is useful to get a frequency count of all the letters. The most frequent letter may represent the most common letter in English, E followed by T, A, O and I whereas the least frequent are Q, Z and X [7]. Statistical patterns in a language can be detected by tracing the redundancy of the text in the language. It has been realized that various universal regularities characterize text from different domains and languages. The best-known is Zipfs law on the distribution of word frequencies [5], according to which the frequency of terms in a collection decreases inversely to the rank of the terms. Zipfs law has been found to apply to collections of written documents in virtually all langu ages [5]. English language characters have a very high redundancy rate when used for cryptographic substitutions. If we have a message encrypted using the substitution cipher that needs to be cracked, we can use frequency analysis. In other words, if the sender has used an encryption scheme, that replaces one letter in the English to be another letter in English, we can still recognize the original plain text as, the frequency characteristics of the original plain text will be passed on the new cipher text characters [4]. To apply frequency analysis, we will need to know the frequency of every letter in the English alphabet, or the frequency characteristics of the language used by the sender to encrypt the text. Below is a list of average frequencies for letters in the English language. So, for example, the letter E accounts for 12.7% of all letters in English, whereas Z accounts for 0.1 %. All the frequencies are tabulated and plotted below:- For example, let us consider the following sentence: We study Cryptography as part of our course. Using a simple substitution cipher, let us consider the following: a->c , b-> d, c->e..w->y, x->z, y->a, z->b So, the cipher text becomes: yg uvwfa etarvqitcrja cu rctv qh qwt eqwtug. A simple frequency analysis of the cipher text can be carried out and the results are as given below: The above data can be used by a cryptanalyst to identify the key or the plaintext by using simple substitution to the cipher text till a suitable plaintext value is not identified. Apart from the use of mono alphabetic frequency analysis, cryptanalysts also identify frequency of paired letters better known as digram frequency and that of three letter words, called as Trigram frequencies. These help the cryptanalyst to exploit the redundant features of English language to break the cipher. The most common Digrams (in order): th, he, in, en, nt, re, er, an, ti, es, on, at, se, nd, or, ar, al, te, co, de, to, ra, et, ed, it, sa, em, ro. The most common Trigrams (in order): the, and, tha, ent, ing, ion, tio, for, nde, has, nce, edt, tis, oft, sth, men Table 1: Digram and Trigram Frequencies [6] These help in identifying the most commonly used terms in English to break a cipher. The digram frequencies are used to break two letter words such as an, to, of etc and the trigram frequencies are used to break three letter words such as the, are, for etc. After breaking a significant two letter and three letter words, it is practically east to identify the key from the cracked values of plaintext by matching the corresponding values in the ciphertext. This huge weakness in English language is used to break cipher texts encrypted using simple algorithms that make use of English alphabets. In practice the use of frequency analysis consists of first counting the frequency of ciphertext letters and then assigning guessed plaintext letters to them. Many letters will occur with roughly the same frequency, so a cipher with Xs may indeed map X onto R, but could also map X onto G or M. But some letters in every language using letters will occur more frequently; if there are more Xs in the c iphertext than anything else, its a good guess for English plaintext that X is a substitution for E. But T and A are also very common in English text, so X might be either of them also [4]. Thus the cryptanalyst may need to try several combinations of mappings between ciphertext and plaintext letters. Once the common single letter frequencies have been resolved, then paired patterns and other patterns are solved. Finally, when sufficient characters have been cracked, then the rest of the text can be cracked using simple substitution. Frequency analysis is extremely effective against the simpler substitution ciphers and will break astonishingly short cipher texts with ease. Attacks on Traditional algorithms Encrypting using traditional algorithms have been defenseless against cryptanalytic attacks as they use bit by bit encryption, which can be easily broken using frequency analysis based attacks. 1. Caesar Cipher: Considering the case of one of the oldest ciphers, the Caesar Cipher, this cipher replaces one letter of the plaintext with another to produce the ciphertext, and any particular letter in the plaintext will always, turn into the same letter in the cipher for all instance of the plaintext character. For instance, all Bs will turn into Fs. Frequency analysis is based on the fact that certain letters, and combinations of letters, appear with characteristic frequency in essentially all texts in a particular language [9]. For instance, in the English language, E is very common, while X is not. Likewise, ST, NG, TH, and QU are common combinations, while XT, NZ, and QJ are very uncommon, or even impossible to occur in English. This clearly shows how the Caesar cipher can be broken with ease by just identifying the frequency of each letter in the cipher text. A message encrypted using Caesar cipher is extremely insecure as an exhaustive cryptanalysis on the keys easily breaks the code. 2. Substitution Ciphers: The Caesar cipher forms a subset of the entire set of substitution ciphers. Here, the key of the encryption process is the permutation of all the twenty six characters of the English alphabets. Rather than choosing a particular key for all encryption process, we use a different key for successive encryption processes. This technique increases the number of possible key to 26!, which is about 4 X 1026, which eliminates the exhaustive cryptanalysis attack on the keyspace [7]. To decrypt the cipher the, statistical frequency distribution of single letter occurrence in English language is analyzed. Then, the digram and trigram frequencies of standard English words are compared with the frequencies of the trigrams in the cipher to finally reconstruct the key and in turn decipher the text. This is an efficient method to break the substitution cipher as, each plaintext letter is represented by the same ciphertext letter in the message. So, all properties of plaintext are carried on to the cipher text. 3. Vigenere Cipher: In a Vigenere cipher, there is greater security as, a given plaintext letter is not always represented by the same ciphertext letter. This is achieved by using a sequence of n different substitution ciphers to encrypt a message. This technique increases the possible number of keys from 26! to (26!)n. Although this was considered to be unbreakable, the Kasiskis method of attacking a Vigenere cipher yielded successful results of decrypting the message. According to this method, the first step is to find the key length (n). Find identical segments of plain text that get encrypted to the same ciphertext, when they are b positions apart, where b=0 mod n. According to Kasiski, the next step is to find all the identical segments of length greater than 3, and record the distance between them [7]. This can then be used to predict the length of the key (n). Once this is found the key is found by an exhaustive search of the keyspace for all possible combinations to identify the key. This is done by substituting all possible values for n to generate substrings. Once the substring is formed, the plaintext message can be automatically identified by using the back substitution of the key into the cipher [7]. This can be done for all possible values for n until finally arriving at the actual key, which reveals the plaintext that was encrypted. This method can take a long time to break the key to identify the plaintext incase the key length is very long, as the keyspace value would be large for larger keys. Defeating frequency based attacks: Frequency based attacks have been used for a long time to break traditional encryption algorithms. It uses the fact that, traditional encryption algorithms do not eliminate the statistical properties of the language upon encryption. The first way to defeat frequency based attacks is to encrypt blocks of characters at a time rather than single letters [7]. This would ensure that, the same text in the plaintext is not encrypted to the same text in the ciphertext upon encryption. For e.g., if we use the Caesar cipher encryption scheme, the word ADDITIONAL will be encrypted to CFFKVKQPCN, we can see that the alphabets A, D and I are repeated more than once and at each instance, the encryption scheme used always encrypts A to C, D to F and I to K. This can clearly be used during frequency analysis to analyze the redundancy of the characters and in turn map them back to get the original plaintext character. Using a block encryption scheme, one can be satisfied that, this phenomenon does not occur as, in a block encryption scheme, the whole plaintext is broken into chunks or blocks of data, that is fed in as input to the encryption algorithm. The algorithm then, reads the input block along with the key and encrypts th e complete block of plaintext, rather than individual characters, so there is a smaller chance that two blocks will produce the same chunk of ciphertext. The second way of defeating frequency analysis is to make use of synonyms of words [7], rather than repeating the same word over and over again in a sentence. There are a lot of words in English, which have more than one synonym, thus providing with a set of words to be used as convenient in the particular context. To help in the selection of a synonym, grammar checking would have to be used to ensure that, the meaning expressed in the sentence is not altered by changing the words. Attacks against this technique could include creating a list of the best synonyms, but this would not help the attacker as different word could be used at each instance the same meaning needs to be expressed, defeating the benefit of this technique. This technique of using alternate words to represent common words to defeat cryptanalysis attacks is called Homophones [7] in cryptography. A third technique that can effectively defeat cryptanalysis is Polyalphabetic substitution, that is, the use of several alphabets to encrypt the message [3], rather than using the same substitution technique again and again. The Vigenere Cipher is a form of Polyalphabetic cipher. This ensures that, no two characters are encrypted to the same ciphertext alphabet in the same message. This ensures that, direct frequency analysis of the cipher is not possible to successfully retrieve the original message. However, other techniques need to be used to identify the key length, if this is possible, then frequency analysis attack could be used to identify the original plaintext message successfully. Finally, a possible technique that could be used to defeat frequency analysis is to encrypt a single character of plaintext with two ciphertext characters [3]. Upon encountering the same character twice, then different characters should be used to encrypt the message. This can be achieved by using a key size double that of the plaintext message and then encrypting the same plaintext with two values in the key and save them together for the same plaintext character. This would ensure that no two plaintext characters will have the same ciphertext character, defeating the frequency analysis method of breaking the cipher. Modern encryption algorithms and cryptanalysis: Modern cryptographic algorithms take a better approach in defeating frequency analysis based attacks. The cryptographic algorithms nowadays use block encryption, rather than encrypting characters bit by bit, thus eliminating the redundancy of ciphertext alphabets for similar plaintext alphabets. Block ciphers are the central tool in the design of protocols for shared-key cryptography. A block cipher is a function E: {0, 1}k ÃÆ'- {0, 1}n à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   {0, 1}n. This notation means that E takes two inputs, one being a k-bit string and the other an n-bit string, and returns an n-bit string [2]. The first input is the key, which is used to encrypt the secret message. The second string is called the plaintext, and the output is called a ciphertext. The key-length k and the block-length n are parameters associated to a specific block cipher. They vary from block cipher to block cipher, and depend on the design of the algorithm itself. Some of the most trusted symmetric ciphers inclu de AES, Triple-DES, Blowfish, CAST and IDEA. In public-key cryptography, the most commonly used cryptosystems are RSA and the Diffie-Hellman systems, which have not been found to have any vulnerabilities till date. Preferably, the block cipher E is a public specified algorithm. In typical usage, a random key K is chosen and kept secret between a pair of users. The function EK is used by the sender to encrypt the message, for a given key, before sending it to the intended receiver, who decrypts the message using the same key [2]. Security relies on the secrecy of the key. So, at first, one might think of the cryptanalysts goal as recovering the key K given some ciphertext, intercepted during transmission. The block cipher should be designed to make this task computationally difficult. In order to achieve this, the algorithms that are used to encrypt the message must be designed with a high degree of mathematical complexity, which cannot be reversed to obtain the plaintext from a known ciphertext. The length of the key used during encryption of a message plays an important role in deciding the effectiveness of an algorithm. Key length is conventionally measured in bits, and most of the well known strong ciphers have key lengths between 128 and 256 bits. A cipher is considered strong if, after years of attempts to find a weakness in the algorithm, there is no known effective cryptanalytic attack against it. This indicates that, the most efficient way of breaking an encrypted message without knowing the key used to encrypt it is to brute force it, i.e. trying all possible keys. The effort required to break an encrypted message is determined by the number of possible keys, known as thekeyspace. Knowing the speed of the computer to break the key, it is easy to calculate how long it would take to search the keyspace to break a particular cipher [2]. For example, considering a cipher that uses 128-bit keys, each bit can either be 0 or 1, so, there are 2128 or 3ÃÆ'-1038 keys approximately. Suppose we imagine that about ten billion computers are assigned the task of breaking the code, each capable of testing ten billion keys per second, then, the task of running through the entire keyspace would take around 3ÃÆ'-1018seconds, which is about 100 billion years. But, in fact, it would be necessary to run through only half the keyspace to hit upon the correct key, which would take around 50 billion years. This is longer than the estimated age of the universe according to modern cosmology, which is about 15 billion years [2]. This shows that, it is practically infeasible to crack modern cryptographic algorithms using Brute Force attacks. So, one can imagine the effectiveness of the modern cryptographic algorithms and their resistance towards cryptanalytic attacks. Conclusions: Cryptography has progressed in recent years and modern cryptographic algorithms have proved to be successful in defending against most forms of cryptanalytic attacks. Frequency analysis based attacks have proved to exploit the weaknesses in traditional encryption algorithms into revealing the plaintext message that was encrypted using them. The natural language used to encrypt messages is not considered to be random in nature, which is exploited by frequency counting based attacks. Based upon the frequency of letters that occur in the ciphertext, one can guess the plaintext characters due to their redundancy rate and the specific combination of letters in a word. This weakness can be repelled by using stream ciphers, which do not carry the redundancy in the plaintext to the ciphertext. Modern block cipher, encrypt a chunk of plaintext into ciphertext and vice versa, eliminating the redundancy of language used in encryption. Although the algorithm plays an important part, it is the key length used in block ciphers that helps in repelling cryptanalysis. Modern ciphers use a key length starting from 128 bits, eliminating the possibility of a brute force attack to decrypt the message. The higher the key length, the more time it takes to break these ciphers. These advantages have made modern cryptographic algorithms more popular among the security community. No known weaknesses have been found in these algorithms yet, that may allow one to identify the plaintext message. Bibliography: [1] Stallings, W., Cryptography and Network Security, Chapter 1, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003 [2] Schneier, B., Applied Cryptography, Chapter 1, Second Edition, John Wiley Sons, New York City, New York, USA, 1996 [3] Hart, G.W., To Decode Short Cryptograms, Communications of the ACM 37(9), 1994, pp. 102-108 [4] Lee, K.W., Teh, C.E., Tan, Y.L., Decrypting English Text Using Enhanced Frequency Analysis, National Seminar on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (STSS 2006), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia [5] Zipf, GK., Human Behaviour and the Principle of Least Effort, 1949, Cambridge: Addison Wesley Publications. [6] Lewand, R.E., Cryptological Mathematics, The Mathematical Association of America, 2000, Pages 345-346 [7] Stamp, M and Low, R.M., Applied Cryptanalysis, 2007, Chapter 1 and 2, John Wiley Sons, New York City, New York, USA [8] http://www.simonsingh.net, Online internet frequency analysis tools [9] http://www.textalyser.net, online text analysis and frequency analysis information

Five of Frankenstein Essay

This line suggests that the creature was fairly friendly, rather than demonical: ‘†¦ while a grin wrinkled his cheeks’. The creature was very similar to a new born baby, with no experience in life and no knowledge of how to communicate and act: ‘His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds’. Despite the creature’s lack of knowledge and experience, Victor somehow manages to treat the creature in an appalling manner. These set of events portray Victor as somebody who is very cruel and selfish, furthermore, it makes the reader sympathise for the creature. The idea of bringing someone into the world by stitching together pieces of dead bodies and passing electricity through the corpse raises the question of immoralities; moreover the way Victor brought life into the world and then abandoned it is a terrible lot worse. In this story, Victor Frankenstein acted similarly to the Ancient Greek character ‘Prometheus’, as he played God. He felt that he had the right to create new life. He then realised how wrong it was, however by that time it was too late. In the 19th century, most people in England were very religious, so the way Victor plays God in the story would have been widely frowned upon. It was extremely uncommon for people to see boundaries and morals being questioned and stretched in this way. The creature that Victor created was far from a monster, it was but a helpless, needy being that he had abandoned, and it was not very different from abandoning a new born baby. Society cruelly rejected him due to his appearance, which goes to show how narrow minded society can be. This could have been part of the message that Mary Shelley wished to send out. The true monstrous figure in the story is Victor. This is all down to his cruel nature and the disgust he shows towards the creature he spent two years trying to bring to life. Victor even goes as far as describing the creature as a ‘half-distinguished light’, meaning he felt the creature was merely ‘half of a human being’. The author, Mary Shelley, in my opinion was trying to send out the messages: it is wrong to play God and that society can sometimes be very judgemental. The reasons are that Mary Shelley depicts the creature as helpless, confused and needy, so that the reader will sympathize towards him, whereas she depicts Victor as a cruel and selfish person, which supports the point of playing God being wrong. The reason I believe Mary Shelley tried to send out the message of society often being judgemental is so that people will realise that appearances are not everything, and that they can learn to avoid judging people by this before getting to know their past and present situation. 1,060 words Aran Atwal Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print Save Here’s what a teacher thought of this essay 4 star(s).

Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 794 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Adjustment disorder is a mental disorder that results from unhealthy responses to stressful or psychologically distressing events in life. This failure to adapt then leads to the development of emotional and behavioral symptoms. All age groups are affected by this disorder; and children have the same chance of developing the illness. While difficult to determine the causes of adjustment disorder, researchers suggest that genetics play a large part, as well as chemical changes in the brain, life experiences and mood. Some common stressor contributing to the disorder includes; the ending of a romantic relationship, loss of a job, career change, an accident, relocating to a new area or loss of a loved one. (Mayo Clinic, 2010) An adjustment disorder causes feelings of depression, anxiousness, crying spells, sadness, desperation, lack of enjoyment, and some have reported experiencing thoughts of suicide. Additionally, the illness causes one to be unable to go about their normal routine or work and visit with friends and family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment" essay for you Create order The lengths of symptoms vary from zero to six months (acute) and longer than six months (chronic). In the cases of acute adjustment disorder, symptoms can go away eventually; however, in chronic cases, symptoms begin to disrupt your life whereas, professional treatment is necessary to prevent the illness from worsening. Lastly, this disorder carries the possibility for abuse of alcohol and drugs, and eventually could result in violent behavior. According to a report issued by Tami Benton of WebMD, â€Å"the development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurs within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s). These symptoms or behaviors are clinically significant, as evidenced by marked distress in excess of what is expected from exposure to the stressor, or significant impairment in social or occupational (academic) functioning. The stress-related disturbance does not meet criteria for another specific axis I disorder and is not merely an exacerbation of a preexisting axis I or axis II disorder. The symptoms do not represent bereavement. Once the stressor (or its consequences) has terminated, the symptoms do not persist for more than an additional 6 months†. A determination is made as to whether the illness is acute or chronic. A differential diagnosis issued by Benton states that, â€Å"Adjustment Disorder’s (AD) are located on a continuum between normal stress reactions and specific psychiatric disorders. Symptoms are not likely a normal reaction if the symptoms are moderately severe or if daily social or occupational functioning is impaired. If a specific stressor is involved and/or the symptoms are not specific but are severe, alternate diagnoses (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, depression or anxiety due to a general medical condition) are unlikely†. (Benton, 2009) â€Å"Clinical treatment modalities are difficult due to lack of clinical trials; as these treatments remain a decision influenced by a consensus†, reports Benton. Because AD originates from a psychological reaction to a stressor, the stressor must be identified and communicated by the patient. The non-adaptive response to the stressor may be diminished if the stress can be eliminated, reduced or accommodated. Therefore, treatment of ADs entails psychotherapeutic counseling aimed at reducing the stressor, improving coping ability with stressors that cannot be reduced or removed, and formatting an emotional state and support systems to enhance adaptation and coping. Further, the goal of psychotherapy should include; an analysis of the stressors that are affecting the patient, and determine whether they can be eliminated or minimized, clarification and interpretation of the meaning of the stressor for the patient, reframe the meaning of the stressor, illuminate the concerns and conflicts the patient experiences, identification of a means to reduce the stressor, maximize the patients coping skills, assist patients to gain perspective on the stressor, establish relationships, attend support groups, and manage themselves and the stressor. Psychotherapy, crisis intervention, family and group therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy are effective for eliciting the expressions of affects, anxiety, helplessness, and hopelessness in relation to the identified stressor(s)†. (Benton, 2009) For patients with minor or major depressive disorders, who have not responded to psychotherapy and other interventions; trials of antidepressants are recommended. It is suggested that psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are recommended for patients suffering with a combination of adjustment disorder and anxious moods. A report further states that, â€Å"treatments that are effective with other stress-related disorders may be constructive interventions for AD; and that treatment relies on the specificity of the diagnosis, the construct of stressor-related disorders, and whether the stressors are involved as etiological precipitants, concomitants, or some other unrelated factors†. Benton, 2009) References Benton, T. D. (2009). Emedicine from WebMD. Medscapes continually updated clinical reference. Retrieved from https://emedicine. medscape. com/article/292759-overview Mayoclinic. (2010). Mayoclinic. com. Retrieved from https://www. mayoclinic. com/health/adjustment-disorders/DS00584/DSECTION=symptoms

Solutions to Electronic Waste Essay - 1179 Words

Electronic and electrical equipment is essential part of busy world.It substitute hard human work and make it faster.The majority of mankind has computer at home or at work. In recent years changing of electronic equipment become faster due to obsolescence and fashion(Deathe et al. 2008, 322 ).The problem of e-waste influence on the future environment hangs over the modern society. E-waste ^ also known as electronic waste.It means electrical and electronic equipment which is not suitable for use and fill the damps. Electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions consist of hazardous materials, which pollute the environment and impact on human’s health. By the National Safety Council lead’s 1.6 billion pounds and†¦show more content†¦2008, 324). Kahhat et al.(2008, 957) report that many countries already have experience in recycling, such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and the United States. These countries have different approaches fo r this solution. In South Korea consumers need to pay fee via buying new substituting equipment or pay it to government. Comparatively, in Japan prices of electronic equipment include fees.Recycling is one of the popular solutions, which have some specific features. From the environmental point of view, recycling is important, because it eliminates hazardous material’s influence.Cui, and Forssberg (2003, 243-263) show that if metals recycle, the majority of energy will be saved. For aluminum, the number of saving energy is 95%. In respect of accessibility for consumers, there are some disadvantages because of the cost. If people bought their equipment before the â€Å"PC Recycling Mark† was enacted, they should pay fees of approximately US$40(PC3R, 2008; Terazono et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2007). If their equipment has installed â€Å"PC Recycling Mark†, they will not pay fee, because it is included within the price of equipment. However, people can sell their old electronics to the recycling companies and retrieve some money. Evidence for complication of feasibility has been asserted by Liu et al.(2006) and Greenpeace(2005), which showed that recycling still may doing by hand and it injures the worker’sShow More Related Solutions to the Problem of Electronic Waste Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy but also in socio-political and spiritual spheres of social life. However, this progress has brought with itself devastating disasters like electronics waste which cause serious health and environment pollution problems. E-waste- is a type of waste that contains obsolete or non-working electronic and electrical devices. 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ElectronicRead Mo re E-waste Essay example1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sphere of high technologies production, so the scale of electronics market becomes wider and spins up from day to day. â€Å"According to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), consumers were expected to purchase 500 million units of consumer electronics in the US in 2008. US households spend about $1407 per year on hardware.† (Electronics Takeback coalition, 2010) Accordingly, there is a clear tendency of rapid substitution of electronic appliances observed, as every other day producers offer consumersRead More A Solution to E-Waste Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction. 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